Dr. Livingstone, I presume?

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” This famous question was asked by Henry Morton Stanley on October 27, 1871 near Lake Tanganyika in present-day Tanzania. Even though, there were no other white men around, the two had not been formally introduced, so it was a proper way to address Dr. David Livingstone without committing a breach of etiquette.

Dr. David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish missionary and explorer. Unlike many of the people at the time, Livingstone was strongly anti-slavery.

Livingstone made many journeys in Africa and drew many detailed maps used by later explorers.One one of his journeys Livingstone caught pneumonia and had no contact with the outside world for almost ten years.

Henry Morton Stanley (28 January 1841-10 May 1904) was sent by the New York Herald to find Livingstone. When he located Livingstone, the famous question was asked. Stanley was a Welsh journalist and explorer.

Stanley wrote about his travels and adventures in the book, In Darkest Africa, one of his many books.

Liberia

Along with Ethiopia, Liberia was the only African nation to resist formal colonization by a European power during the Scramble for Africa.

In early 19th century, the American Colonization Society worked to allow free American slaves return to Africa.

Some emancipated slaves  choose to emigrate to an area in western Africa. The colony was originally named Monrovia in honor of President James Monroe These settlers declared the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847.

 They choose the name Liberia because it means "Land of the free" in Latin. They saw this as promised land where they could finally be free.

Liberia retained the name Monrovia for its capital city and it remains so today. Unfortunately, today Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries and has suffered through decades of civil war.

Humanities Essay (Revised)

Capitalism vs. Socialism

Although capitalism and socialism have their roots in earlier centuries, they became more developed and influential in the 19^th century. Both capitalism and socialism are economic theories that are concerned with the means of production and the allocation of wealth and resources. This concern is the only similarity between these two very different economic theories. 

In capitalism, the means of production are privately owned and the wealth that is produce is kept by the factory owners and investors. There is little or no government intervention. How the factory owners choose to use their resources is left up to them not the government. Capitalism is a product of the industrial revolution and replaced mercantilism as the main economic system of Europe in the second half of the 19^th century.

In socialism, the means of production are owned collectively by the workers. Wealth is distributed evenly among the workers and reinvested in the factory. The decision about how to use their resources is determined by all the workers through discussion and debate. Socialism has it roots in Christianity, but developed in the 19^th century as a direct response to capitalism.

Two famous economists from the Austrian School, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek had strong criticisms of socialism. They argued that workers making collective decisions about what to manufacture could not achieve the most productive or efficient allocation of capital and the means of production. In their opinion, a market economy is essential to determine supply and demand.

Capitalism in the 19^th century was very different from capitalism today. Workers were commonly injured or killed due to terrible working conditions. They worked long hours for little pay. Even children could be found working in factories. Socialism criticized these inhumane working conditions and tried to find a better way to control the means of production and allocation of wealth and resources. Most modern economies have some elements of capitalisms and socialisms, pure capitalist or pure socialist economies do not exist.

Humanities Essay

Capitalism vs. Socialism

Both capitalism and socialism are economic theories that are concern with the means of production and the allocation of wealth and resources. Although capitalism and socialism have their roots in earlier centuries, they became more developed and influential in the 19^th century.

In capitalism, the means of production are privately owned and the wealth that is produce is kept by the factory owners and investors. There is little or no government intervention. How the factory owners choose to use their resources is left up to them not the government. Capitalism is a product of the industrial revolution and replaced mercantilism as the main economic system of Europe in the second half of the 19^th century.

In socialism, the means of production are owned collectively by the workers. Wealth is distributed evenly among the workers and reinvested in the factory. The decision about how to use their resources is determined by all the workers through discussion and debate. Socialism has it roots in Christianity, but developed in the 19^th century as a direct response to capitalism.

Two famous economists from the Austrian School, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek had strong criticisms of socialism. They argued that workers making collective decisions about what to manufacture could not achieve the most productive or efficient allocation of capital and the means of production. In their opinion, a market economy is essential to determine supply and demand.

Capitalism in the 19^th century was very different from capitalism today. Workers were commonly injured or killed due to terrible working conditions. They worked long hours for little pay. Even children could be found working in factories. Socialism criticized these inhumane working conditions and tried to find a better way to control the means of production and allocation of wealth and resources.